Artificial Intelligence: Regulatory Provisions and Rules of Governance

Abstract

This article offers a comprehensive legal-technical analysis of artificial intelligence through a dual engineering and legislative lens. Beyond defining AI and outlining its core approaches, the paper examines its ethical and practical implications for professions and public governance, addressing critical issues such as mass surveillance, privacy violations, algorithmic discrimination, and the right to a fair trial. It surveys emerging international and national regulatory frameworks, with particular focus on the EU's Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, member-state responses, and the United States' multi-layered legal approach. The article critically assesses traditional liability frameworks, the Council of Europe Framework Convention, the EU AI Act, and product liability rules. It concludes by examining AI governance standards, judicial trends in intellectual property and algorithmic bias, and AI's intersection with cybersecurity, while offering an assessment of Lebanon's current position and the challenges and opportunities ahead.